The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizens,...

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizens, 1789 Works Cited Missing The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens was formed by the National Assembly on 27th August 1789. It was intended by the National Assembly to be the preliminary statement of principles which the constitution should be modelled. Thus allowing the nation of France to be liberated and achieve a secure structure to their society. Marquis de Lafayette, the commander of the National Guard and Thomas Paine, an English political thinker, were major contributors in the drawing up of the declaration. Lafayette made several†¦show more content†¦This was an assertion against the Ancien Regime, where birth rights distinguished citizens; peasants had no opportunity to improve their social strata due to the high poverty and oppression. Possibly the most liberating clause out of the declaration, was the concept of popular sovereignty. It was considered that absolute power should no longer reside in the hands of the Monarch. Instead, sovereignty would rest with the nation, giving th e citizens the opportunity to exercise their power. There are some clauses that centre wholly on the enlightenment movement. To liberate a nation required certain minimal restrictions. In 1762 Rousseau had published the Social Contract. Within it Rousseau outlined that, human beings agree to an implicit Social Contract which gave them certain rights, in return for giving up certain freedoms (J.Hunt (1998) Pg7). This inferred that people have the right to life, in return for giving up the freedom to kill others. Release also arrived for religion. People were free to follow their chosen beliefs, signalling the end of exclusive Catholicism. Deism was being introduced. In particular, Voltaire believed that although the universe was created by God; it was then left to operate accordingly to scientific law (Merriman (1996) Pg407). This then paved the way for a variety of otherShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And The Citizen On The 26 August 17891617 Words   |  7 Pagesin order to contain the flames out of this came the creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen on the 26 August 1789 by the National Assembly, composed of those from the Third Estate. This declaration was heavily influenced by the American Revolution and Thomas Jefferson, who one of the founding fathers and a principal author of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was all about man’s ‘natural right’ at any time and pertaining to any individual, no matter where theyRead MoreThe Power Of The Crown And The Authority Of The Government1162 Words   |  5 Pagesauthority of the government is limited by the Declaration of Man and the Citizen. One situation where the government is limited is where â€Å"Men are born free and remain equal in rights.† (1789, Art, 1, DRMC.) The government must give all men equal rights. The rights of man include â€Å"liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.† (1789, Art, 2, DRMC.) Both the power of the crown and the authority of the government are limited by (1789, Art, 3, DRMC.) â€Å"no individual can exercise authorityRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Tennis Court Oath1680 Words   |  7 Pages In 1789, the Ancien Regime came to an end through the beginning of the French Revolution and the Tennis Court Oath. The patchwork quilt of the old French system had finally been ripped away. While the practical changes of the French government and society did not happen immediately, the mindset and the philosophy of the people changed quickly. They began demanding faster action than the government was willing to give. Looking at who is to be a citizen, religious minorities, and women, the idealsRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And Citizen1529 Words   |  7 PagesFrance’s, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, played an integral role in the development of democracy and the pursuit of liberty throughout Europe. This document was written and introduced by General Lafayette as a result of the French Revolution. The French Constituent Assembly passed it in August of 1789. Influenced by Thomas Jefferson, the American Declaration of Independence, the American Revolution, and the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers, the document reiterates the valuesRead MoreThe Success Of The American Revolution881 Words   |  4 PagesThe years 1776 and 1789 were two pivotal years for oppressed citizens. In America, the citizens were fed up with the totalitarian monarchy of England who continuously taxed them. The American colonies wanted their freedom from England because they no longer had a say in England’s government, but were still forced to follow its laws. Thomas Jefferson, the head of the committee to later drafted America’s demand for freedom, went so far as to call England an â€Å"absolute tyranny.† Americans knew theirRead MoreIn 1789, The Old Regime Came To An End With The Beginning1283 Words   |  6 Pages In 1789, the old regime came to an end with the beginning of the French Revolution. The patchwork quilt of the old French system had been swept away. While the changes of the French government and society were not sudden, the mentality and the philosophy of the people changed suddenly to allow for the practical changes to come around. Looking at who is to be a citizen, religious minorities, and women, the ideal for a new system came suddenly from the enlightenment, which allowed practical changesRead MoreWomen s Rights During The French Revolution1041 Words   |  5 Pagesthese rights. Although the estates system was abolished, the class system remained, and there continued to be huge wealth disparity in France. As the October Days in the same year highlighted, urban workers continued to struggle to afford bread. The Declaration only guaranteed equality of rights. Although this is significant, the Declaration was by no means so revolutionary that it eliminated inequality and oppression in Fran ce. This is arguably best exemplified by examining women’s rights. The DeclarationRead MoreFrench and Haitian Revolution Comparisons1531 Words   |  7 Pagesextremely upset with the government that was ruling over them. However, these angry citizens only revolt a fraction of the time, due to fear of the government. Two examples of when people stood up for their rights and revolted are the French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution. These revolts are loosely connected, as many say that the Haitian Revolution was inspired by the French Revolution. The French Revolution started in 1789 and continued all the way until 1814. The people in France had discontent withRead MoreThe Enlightenment Principles Of Rationalism And Universal Rights1684 Words   |  7 Pagesof rationalism and universal rights shaped modern Europe and North America through the rejection of absolutist government and the movement towards an equal society. The effect of these Enlightenment ideas is evident th roughout the ‘Declaration of Independence’, written by Thomas Jefferson and the Congressional Congress in 1776. These same ideas spread to France, culminating in the National Assembly’s ‘The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen’ in 1789. This essay will begin by introducingRead MoreLiberalism in French Revolution Through Enlightenment1593 Words   |  7 Pagespoor in the towns increased every year. These famines resulted in bread riots. On the other hand the aristocrats were squandering immense fortunes — hundreds of thousands and millions of francs a year — in unbridled and absurd luxury. Personally the man was free, but all this network of dues and exactions, still clung round the peasant. The French society was ripe for a revolution that would change the course of history. The intelligentsia of the French society was at the same time becoming enamored

The Revolutions of 1848 Essay - 1382 Words

The Revolutions of 1848 The Revolutions of 1848 have been described as the â€Å"greatest revolution of the century†1. From its mild beginnings in Palermo, Sicily in January 1848, it did not take long to spread across the rest of Europe (Britain and Russia were the only countries not to experience such revolutions). â€Å"In 1848 more states on the European continent were overcome by revolution than ever before and ever since†2. The Revolutions became more radical but after June 1848 these revolutionary events began to overlap with those of counterrevolutionary actions, thus enabling the old regimes to return to power. 1848 was described as â€Å"a sunny spring of the peoples abruptly interrupted by the winter of the princes†3. â€Å"It has†¦show more content†¦The situation was the same across central and west Europe. Revolutionaries found that the high hopes they had held in 1848 were pushed aside by the reality of different aims. As a result the counter-revolution continued to develop and gain the upper hand, particularly in the Habsburg monarchy, where rivalries within the monarchy itself and the confusion of competing national claims made counter-revolution easier, and in the Italian states where a lack of support had proved too powerful. This division amongst revolutionaries was further heightened by the continued existence of social and economic problems throughout Europe. It was these social problems which had helped bring about the 1848 Revolutions in the first place. In the 1840s there was increased food shortage and business failure along with high unemployment, which had increased the dissatisfaction with the existing conservative or moderate regimes. Although this economic discontent had not been enough on its own to bring about the 1848 Revolutions, it definitely played a key part in their development and their collapse. These problems were still apparent in 1848 and consequently took some of the focus away from the revolutionaries’ cause. Along with the growing strain on food supplies and the increase of unemployment, Europe was also suffering from cholera and the plague. The plague had spread across Europe, startingShow MoreRelatedRevolutions of 18481055 Words   |  5 PagesThe Revolutions of 1848 were a series of political and economic revolts that took place in Europe because of a recession and abuse of political power. Although changes were made all throughout Europe, the original, oppressive government took back control soon after, undoing the work of the revolutionaries. Although these changes didnt last long, the revolutions did prove to both the governments and revolutionaries that the people had the power to undermine the government in order to bring aboutRead MoreRevolution of 18481143 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the revolution of 1848, class status defined every citizen s place in the social, political, and economic order causing problems throughout Germany. Due to the separation of the states, some Germans advocated German unification under a single constitutional monarchy; however, after the defeat of Napoleon, their dreams were crushed. Developing power was scattered among three hundred different states consolidated under the Holy Roman Empire. Powerful regions like Prussia and Austria gainedRead MoreCauses Of The Revolutions Of 1848870 Words   |  4 Pages The Revolutions of 1848 were the result of the social, economic, and political stress placed upon Europe during the nineteenth century which caused multiple uprisings to rival the conservative system. Europe, in the early 1800s, saw the Industrial Revolution having a significant impact on previous social and political structures. In addition, the conservative monarchy during the time was fearful of the lower and middle classes establishing power over them, looking at the French Revolution in 1815Read MoreThe European Revolution Of 18481543 Words   |  7 PagesThe European Revolution of 1848 was one of the biggest moments in European history. There were many aspects that led to the 1848 revolution. The revolution impacted many people in Europe and even other countries. Many great men were involved in this big part of European history. There are many different topics to discuss such as why was the revolution started, who was involved, and how it affected the European people, governme nt, and even other countries. There were numerous reasons for the EuropeanRead MoreThe Revolutions of 1848 Essay806 Words   |  4 PagesThe Revolutions of 1848 During the year of 1848, a revolutionary tide broke out in Europe. Revolutions were emerging in different parts of Europe at the same time and quickly spread from France to Italy to Germany, Austria, Hungary and otherRead MoreThe Counter Revolution of 18484798 Words   |  19 Pagesï » ¿COUNTER REVOLUTION OF 1848 A blend of political and social philosophy, monetary crises, and romanticism joint to build disorder in each country in Europe excluding Great Britain, which have originated the internal reforms, and Russia, which was mostly halt by its individual gargantuanism. It was in various respects a hyped edition of the 1960s in the United States, when idealists took it to the streets. The effect was a sequence of revolutions for national independence, liberal-democratic constitutionsRead MoreThe Role of Ideology in the Revolutions of 1848 Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Ideology in the Revolutions of 1848 Year 1848 is described as â€Å"mad year† – mad with fight for freedom. Already its first months, in almost all parts of Europe, brought explosion of aims and aspirations, which were accumulated during the after-congress period. Revolutionary movements spread throughout the whole Europe, apart from Russia, where the system of serfdom did not allow any revolts, and Great Britain, where the reforms were carried out in non-revolutionaryRead MoreRevolutions of 1848: Spring of the Peoples764 Words   |  3 PagesThe ideas of Europe have changed. The Congress of Vienna, the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Code were all ideological precursors to the revolutionary epidemic that expanded throughout Europe. These conversion of ideas infected the population. Nationalism, Socialism, Liberalism, and Democracy were influencing the peoples perception. Revolutions erupted in 1848; which were called the â€Å"Springtime of the Peoples.† Rebellions materialized in France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian EmpireRead MoreEssay about The Revolutions of 18481045 Words   |  5 PagesThe revolution of 1848 encompassed many of the European countries. The revolutions sweeping across Europe included Germany, Italy, and France, excluding Russia and England. Many historians refer to the year of 1848 as, â€Å"The Year of Revolutions†, because of how the revolts spread throughout Europe. The question is which political groups were the influence behind this revolution and what were the causes of the revolution. The revolution united many diverse groups of people; they were able to put asideRead More The Revolution of 1848 and Karl Marxs The Communist Manifesto1430 Words   |  6 PagesThe Revolution of 1848 and Karl Marxs The Communist Manifesto There were two major things that happened in Europe in 1848. One of those things was the Revolution of 1848. The other was the publication of the Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx. The Revolution of 1848, and the Communist Manifesto tie into each other very well. The Revolution was calling for a change in society, and so was Marx through the writing of his Manifesto. The revolution was a foundation for changes

Organization Behavior for Monthly Income and Educational Status

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Behavior for Monthly Income and Educational Status. Answer: Critical Analysis Introducing the policies for motivating the employees is the major practice that needs to be conducted in the organizations these days. This is because it has been analysed that motivation factors drives the employees to perform better in the company. This present study aims at analysing the perception of the managers towards their employees in the manufacturing firm. The industry of manufacturing is selected to conduct the study as the effect of motivational factors and practices can easily be observed in the performance of the workers in such an industry (Guclu and Guney, 2017). As far as the sample is considered, the research has been conducted on 229 members in which 183 were the workers and 46 were the managers. The textile industry has been selected to conduct the research. Questionnaire and scale are the two methods that have been used for collecting the data to be analysed. In this article, the author has clearly provides the theoretical explanation of the topics that needs t o be discussed and analysed. Efficiency has been depicted by the author as one of the leading factors that affect the success for the workers negatively or positively. The author defined efficiency as the ability to produce. Other authors have argued that efficiency is just one of the elements of productivity (Guclu and Guney, 2017). Along with the efficiency explanation, the author has argued that there are various reasons of low efficiency among the workers such as low motivation, job inconsistency, relation with managers etc. while most of the author has given motivation and environment as the main factors that affect the efficiency of the workers. It can be said that efficiency is one of the major elements that is affected by the motivational factors introduced by the companies. This article had creatively analysed the data by conducting the research on such a big sample size that acts as the major strength of the study. This is because conducting research on such large sample s ize develops the accuracy of the outcomes. Another major strength of the research is to analyse the various factors that affect motivation. Theoretical part of the articles also very strong as it provides the full information about the key words and the elements that has been discussed in the study. The research has been conducted to analyse the outcomes from the sides of employees as well as from the sides of managers in regards with the motivation (Hoshino and Tanno, 2017). The various elements on which the impact of motivation tools had been analysed are the age group of the employees, the monthly income, educational status etc. This helps in providing the information of impact of motivation tools in such a way so that every aspects of the topic can be considered. The article or the study has many strengths but there are some weaknesses that has been analysed in the study. The major weakness is that different types of motivation factors have not been considered in the study. The author has not explained the various motivation factors that enable motivation among the employees as it varies with differences in the employees. Considering the different factors of motivation as one of the aspect can bring variations in the outcome and results of the study (Gautam, Chand, Singh and Singh, 2016). Another major weakness that has been analysed in the research is that the study is very complicated to understand because it has involved many tests that have been used to conduct e research. This may be confusing for the reader to understand the actual outcome or the conclusion of the study or the research. Motivation and work efficiency are very much related to each other. It has been analysed that employees different in their capability of work. It is not just the capability but they also differ in the factors that drive them to work hard (Moen, Heggeseth and Lome, 2016). To motivate the employees at the organizations, the management has to make different types of strategies as one strategy of motivation cannot work on all the employees of the firm. Motivation factors that affect the work efficiency of the employee depend on their motive to work. Some solely works for money and thus the organization offers them more money their efficiency to perform can increase (Hester, 2017). There are people who believe in positional increment and rewards and recognition and thus they can feel motivated to work only when they get awards and recognition for their work. As far as the current era is considered, it has been analysed that competition between the companies and between the employees is ve ry high (Kuppuswamy, Sridharan and Vigneash, 2017). Employee motivation is one of the very important policies that the company should follow. It has been analysed that a motivated employees are more dedicated towards their work as well as their company thus if all the employees in the company are motivated, the retention rate of the company is very high and the turnover rate reduces (EK and Mukuru, 2013). It is human nature that if they are happy with the work environment, they try to achieve their targets and but there are not getting the rewards or the return for their work then they feel demotivated and hence their productivity decreases. There is a theory called efficiency wage theory that also discusses the same concept but with different aspects. According to their theory if the employees are being paid less by the company as per their skills then they tries to look for other jobs leading to high employee turnover (Zhu, Li, Zhang, Li and Zhang, 2015). This results in firm with less skilled workers and thus the efficiency of the overall firm reduces. In this also, the less pay by the company can be considered as the demotivating factor for the employees. The employees are not getting what they deserve and thus they left the company. The thesis statement or the objective of this study was to analyse the perception of the managers towards their employees (Chintalloo and Mahadeo, 2013). This objectives of the thesis statement does not justify the overall research as the study also focuses on the motivation if the employees and also throw some light on the perspective of the employees on the concept of motivation. It also focuses on the different factors of the employees such as their education, age group; gender etc. Out of these, education has been concluded as the major factors that has its impact on the motivational perception of the employees (Amin and Claudia, 2016). It has been analysed that the employees with higher level of motivation are more concerned about the motivational techniques used by the managers as compared to the lower level of educated people. As far as the scope of this study is concerned, it has been analysed that this research can helps the further researchers to study but various aspects o f motivation in other sectors. This study was conducted in the textile industry thus the results of this study can be implemented on other study to analyse its outcomes (Harris and Al-Bataineh, 2015). Analysing the other sector results can helps in making comparison of the two results. To conclude this study and other analysis, it can be said that motivation is the major factors and the mangers have different perception regarding motivation in the industry according to various factors such as education, age group, gender etc. motivation factors at the organization if implemented by the managers it definitely affect the efficiency of the workers in positive way (Hoshino and Tanno, 2017). This is because motivational factors at the organization develop a confidence among the employees towards the organization and they give their full effort to perform their task to achieve their individual as well as organizational goals. References: Ahmed, Z.A.A., 2016. The Effect of Motivation on Developing EFL Learners Reading Comprehension Skills.International Journal of English Language Teaching,4(10), pp.1-9. Amin, G. and Claudia, G., 2016. The Effect of Motivation, Competency and Organizational Learning towards Global Mindset (Study of PUC Employees on Competitive in AFTA 2015). Chintalloo, S. and Mahadeo, J.D., 2013, July. Effect of motivation on employees work performance at Ireland Blyth Limited. InProceedings of 8th Annual London Busin8ess Research Conference Imperial College, London, UK(pp. 8-9). EK, K. and Mukuru, E., 2013. Effect of motivation on employee performance in public middle level technical training institutions in Kenya.International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics,2(4), pp.73-82. Gautam, U.S., Chand, R., Singh, S.R.K. and Singh, D.K., 2016. Effect of Motivation on Decision Making Related to Dairy Practices.Indian Research Journal of Extension Education,9(2), pp.26-27. Guclu, H. and Guney, S., 2017, The Effect of the Motivation Techniques Used by Managers to Increase the Productivity of their Workers and an Application. Business Management Dynamics,6(7), pp. 01-08 Harris, J. and Al-Bataineh, A., 2015, April. One to one technology and its effect on student academic achievement and motivation. InGlobal Learn(pp. 579-584). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Hester, S.R., 2017.The Effect of Motivation on Academic Performance in Traditional and Non-traditional Freshmen College Students(Doctoral dissertation, Grand Canyon University). Hoshino, T. and Tanno, Y., 2017. Modulatory Effect of Motivation on the Association of Trait Anxiety and Cognitive Performance: A Pupillometric Study.Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science,7(07), p.273. Kuppuswamy, N., Sridharan, P. and Vigneash, L., 2017. A Study on the Effect of Motivation Among the Students of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of an Engineering College in Tamilnadu. Moen, ., Heggeseth, A.G. and Lome, O., 2016. The positive effect of motivation and international orientation on SME growth.Journal of Small Business Management, 54(2), pp.659-678. Zhu, Z., Li, J., Zhang, B., Li, Y. and Zhang, H., 2015. The effect of motivation and positive affect on ego depletion: Replenishment versus release mechanism.International Journal of Psychology.